Orders of Knighthood
Orders of knighthood are religious, military, or honorific societies dedicated to serving a community or person or honoring select individuals for their contributions. The earliest orders were associated with the Crusades and combined both military and monastic aspects; a few of these orders, such as the Knights of St. John, still exist. Others were established by sovereigns to develop a community of loyal supporters, almost exclusively among the nobility and gentry; these orders, such as the Order of Saint Michael, are the most common. A small number of largely honorary orders, such as the Order of the Golden Spur, exist to recognize significant accomplishments or ability by individuals in different fields.
French orders —
Minor French orders —
- Order of Our Lady of Carmel and Saint Lazarus
- Order of the Conception
- Order of the Holy Ghost
- Order of Saint Jacques du Hault Pas
- Order of Aubrac
- Knights of the Holy Ampule
- Order of Christian Charity
- Order of the Magdalene
Foreign and ecclesiastical orders —
- Holy Order of Saint John of Jerusalem (Malta)
- Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem (Catholic Church)
- Order of the Golden Militia (Catholic Church)
- Order of the Lily (Catholic Church)
- Order of the Golden Fleece (Spain and Holy Roman Empire)
- Order of Saint George of Burgundy (Spain)
- Order of the Teutonic Knights of St. Mary’s Hospital in Jerusalem (Holy Roman Empire)
- Order of the Conception (France and Holy Roman Empire)
- Order of Saint Michael (Austria – Holy Roman Empire)
- Order of Saint Hubert (Jülich – Holy Roman Empire)
- Order of Saint Hubert (Bar and Lorraine)
- Order of the Most Holy Annunciation (Savoy)
- Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (Savoy)
- Order of Saint Stephen (Tuscany)
- Knights of the Precious Blood (Mantua)
- Order of the Golden Stole (Venice)
- Order of Saint Mark (Venice)
- Constantinian Order of Saint George (Venice)
- Order of Alcántara (Spain)
- Order of Calatrava (Spain)
- Order of Santiago (Spain)
- Order of Montesa (Spain)
- Order of Christ (Portugal)
- Order of Saint James of the Sword (Portugal)
- Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz (Portugal)
- Order of the Garter (England)
- Order of the Thistle (Scotland)
Knights exclusive of orders —
- Imperial Knights (Holy Roman Empire)
- Knights of the Bath (England)
