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Le Ballet de l'Acier

Ultramontanism

Ultramontanism is the Roman Catholic belief or doctrine that Papal authority supercedes that of local temporal and spiritual authorities, such as princes and bishops.

“Ultramontane” means “beyond the mountains”, specifically the Alps. The original usage referred to a pope elected from outside Italy, but in 17th century France it refers to those who believe the powers and perogatives of the Pope exceed those of the king or the prelates of the Church in France. Ultramontanists strongly resist the concept of the absolute monarchy and of the civil authority of the state over the persons and institutions of the Church

The Jesuits are perhaps the most vocal proponents of ultramontanism in France.